Coprime Factorization-Based Encryption and Attack Detection for Nonlinear Cyber-Physical Systems Using Deep Learning Approach
Shimeng Wu, Hao Luo, Jiusi Zhang, Xinyu Qiao, Jilun Tian, Yuchen Jiang · IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering · 2025
This paper presents a data-driven framework for integrating encryption transmission and attack detection in cyber-physical systems (CPS) with nonlinear physical plants. The main focus of this research is to use deep neural networks to realize the coprime factorization (CF) of nonlinear systems. The definition of the CF guides the network training and designing process, and the model’s topology is designed in the state-space form, which improves the interpretability of the data-driven CF. Based on the CF-aided neural networks, an encrypted transmission module is designed that projects information related to system dynamics into a perpendicular data space, which complements existing encryption methods from a control theory perspective. Subsequently, an anomaly detector are designed using the same CF pairs. This detector not only provides high-accuracy detection of attacks but also distinguishes between attacks and faults, thereby reducing the false positive rate and enhancing the reliability of the attack detection. The proposed method has been validated in a real CPS using a mecanum-wheeled vehicle as the physical plant, demonstrating its effectiveness and applicability.