Enhancing Language Models with Retrieval-Augmented Generation A Comparative Study on Performance
Marko Grabuloski, Aleksandar Karadimce, Anis Sefidanoski · WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications archive · 2025
Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful technique that enhances the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating information retrieval with text generation. By accessing and incorporating relevant external knowledge, RAG systems address the limitations of traditional LLMs, such as memory constraints and the inability to access up-to-date information. This research explores the implementation and evaluation of RAG systems, focusing on their potential to improve the accuracy and relevance of LLM responses. It investigates the impact of different LLM types (causal, question-answering, conversational) and retrieval-augmentation strategies (sentence-level, paragraph-level) on the performance of RAG systems. We conducted experiments using various open-source LLMs and a custom-built RAG system to assess the effectiveness of different approaches. The findings indicate that RAG systems can significantly enhance the performance of LLMs, especially for complex questions that require access to diverse information sources. T5 conversational models, in particular, demonstrate strong performance in synthesis-based tasks, effectively combining information from multiple retrieved documents. However, causal and question-answering models may struggle with complex reasoning and synthesis, even with RAG augmentation.