Detection and Prevention Various Network Attacks Using Soft Computing Approaches: An Overview
Mahendra Prabhakar Deore, Chhaya Santosh Gosavi · 2025
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a powerful tool for remote environmental monitoring, attracting considerable interest from the research community. Through IoT-enabled wireless technologies, various applications such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), healthcare, home automation, and precision agriculture have benefited from enhanced monitoring capabilities. The functionality of IoT applications is centred around sensor nodes, which are deployed in the field to collect data and transmit it to a base station (BS) for processing. However, IoT networks that utilize Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) face significant challenges. Two major issues are energy efficiency, which affects the longevity and performance of the network, and security vulnerabilities, which expose the system to a variety of threats such as sinkhole attacks, black hole attacks, and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. These security concerns can severely disrupt communication and compromise the integrity of the data being transmitted. This survey paper focuses on examining recent security strategies designed to mitigate such threats in IoT networks. A systematic review was conducted to explore lightweight security solutions, with particular attention to trust-based and probe route-based mechanisms. These mechanisms offer promising approaches to safeguarding IoT networks while maintaining efficiency. The paper also presents a comparative analysis of these methods, evaluating them based on security techniques, types of attacks they address, and key performance metrics such as energy consumption and response times. The findings of this paper serve as a critical evaluation of the existing research, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the security measures reviewed. Through this comparative analysis, the study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of various security approaches in protecting IoT-enabled networks from evolving cyber threats.