The Role of Network Segmentation and Micro-Segmentation in Operational Technology Security
Ziad Almulla, Hafizur Rahman · 2025
Within critical sectors like manufacturing, electric-ity grids, and water treatment, cybersecurity in operational technology (OT) systems is highly important to managed industrial operations. With the increasing convergence between operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT) networks, they are now more vulnerable to cyber threats and thus require sophisticated security controls. This paper presents, we have presented a systematic literature review (SLR) in respect of network segmentation and micro-segmentation in improving OT security. These are barriers against the traffic of a network, reduce lateral movement of the attackers, and ensure secure perimeters for the protection of the critical infrastructure. The system incompatibility challenge of the legacy systems and the need to maintain high availability in the OT environment are highlighted as key challenges. Furthermore, it assesses existing best practices and identifies open research questions. This review offers practical steps to OT systems in the face of continually increasing OT cyber risks.