THE EVOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: FROM RULE-BASED SYSTEMS TO DEEP LEARNING
Dharmendra Ambani, Ashwin Rathod · INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT · 2025
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undergone significant transformation since its inception, evolving from basic rule- based systems to advanced deep learning architectures. This review paper chronicles the evolution of AI, examining the historical context, technological advancements, and the socio-economic impacts of these innovations. We categorize AI developments into distinct eras, including symbolic AI (or rule-based systems), connectionist models, and current deep learning paradigms. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, the paper elucidates the journey towards creating more sophisticated AI systems. It also discusses future directions and the potential implications of emerging AI technologies on society, economies, and ethical considerations. Keywords Artificial Intelligence, Rule-Based Systems, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Evolution, AI Ethics.