Optimisation-Based Falsification—Showcasing Black-Box Techniques for System Safety
Zhenya Zhang, Paolo Arcaini, Ichiro Hasuo · 2025
Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) refer to physical systems with digital control of computers. With the rapid development of computer technologies, especially artificial intelligence in the last decade, the collaboration between physical and digital components of systems is getting much closer than ever, giving birth to many applications of CPS. These applications are facilitating people’s daily lives: for example, domestic robots save people’s time from household duties; automated driving cars give people easier and safer driving experiences; unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used for photography, package delivery, or even fire fighting; some advanced medical devices, such as artificial pancreas , assist people to fight with diseases. Indeed, it has already been such an era: machines are equipped with “brains”, and thus they behave not only mechanically, but also intelligently.