Open Radio Access Networks in Multi-Vendor Environments: A Survey of Interoperability Solutions and Best Practices
Sachin Kumar Singh · 2025
The quick advancement of Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) has largely transformed the deployment and management of 5G networks by adopting open, flexible, and interoperable structures. This paper delves into O-RAN, covering its essential features, design concepts, and deployment obstacles. It also outlines the architecture of O-RAN while pointing at openness and multi-vendor integration as the main principles. The paper also discusses the main challenges faced in O-RAN implementation, including interoperability, latency, scalability, and network optimization. Additionally, optimization strategies for improving system performance and addressing these challenges are presented, with a particular focus on the role of cloud-based data migration in O-RAN. The study also reviews security measures necessary to protect an integrity and confidentiality of data in O-RAN deployments. Consequently, the results of this study contribute to the extensive body of research on O-RAN and its practical applications, which will aid in the development and deployment of next-generation communication networks in the future.