A Robust Medical Image Watermarking Scheme with a Better Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio Based on a Novel Modified Embedding Algorithm and Spatial Domain Algorithm
P. Hemanth, P. Shyamala Bharathi · 2025
The primary objective is to compare the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of two different methods for effective medical image watermarking, including the novel modified embedding algorithm and spatial domain algorithm. Considering the total sample size (N = 20), calculated using power software with parameters including alpha as 0.05, enrollment ratio as 1, 95% confidence interval, and power as 80%, this study compares two groups: novel modified embedding algorithm (N=10) as group 1 and spatial domain algorithm (N = 10). Based on the simulation results, the novel modified embedding algorithm achieved a PSNR of 55.4650 dB, whereas the spatial domain algorithm yielded a PSNR of 41.4100 dB, with a significance level of 0.000 (p < 0.05). In contrast to the spatial domain algorithm approach, the novel modified embedding algorithm method demonstrates superior performance.