Enhancing Federated Learning in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Through Cost Optimization and Advanced Model Selection
Xuelian Cai, Pincan Zhao, Sha Liu, Yuchuan Fu, Changle Li, Fei Richard Yu · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · 2025
With the rapid evolution of vehicular network technology, the integration of Machine Learning (ML) with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) presents both remarkable opportunities and formidable challenges. This paper addresses the crucial need for efficient ML model training in the context of Federated Learning (FL) within vehicular networks. Recognizing the limitations imposed by the tradeoff between the high energy cost at the local level with the performance problem at the global level, we propose an innovative approach that harmonizes cost optimization with strategic model selection. Our strategy primarily focuses on optimizing energy consumption during model training and updating at the vehicle end, thereby resolving the prevalent issue of limited end-user participation in FL due to high energy demands. Additionally, we introduce an advanced model selection method, prioritizing local model uploads and adaptively allocating bandwidth to clients with more extensive training data. This method enhances the efficiency and reliability of model updates, ensuring robust global model performance. We validate our approach through extensive simulations, demonstrating not only improved learning performance but also a significant reduction in energy consumption among participating clients.