On Sombor Energy of Graphs with self-loops
S. H. Pathan · Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis · 2025
The goal of this paper is to broaden the concept of Sombor Energy from a simple graph to one containing self-loops. Let G be a simple nth-order graph, and be the graph generated by adding self-loops to G. Sombor matrix of is defined as If are eigenvalues of , then Sombor Energy of is defined as where is the degree of vertex with self loop