Concurrent execution of transactions in blockchain: a framework for on-chain-off-chain nested contract processing
Yufang Xie, Guoqiong Liao, Yinxiang Lei · International Journal of Information and Communication Technology · 2025
With its natural benefits of decentralisation and immutability, blockchain technology has become rather popular in smart contracts, supply chains, and banking. It struggles greatly, nevertheless, in terms of scalability and transaction processing efficiency. Thus, in this regard, these studies present the execute-order-re-execute and validate (EOR) architecture to handle these problems. By means of off-chain execution, on-chain ordering, on-chain re-execution and verification phases, the EOR architecture maximises transaction processing, hence improving system performance and security. For nested contract concurrency it uses a two-phase locking technique, and for effective verification a lockchain architecture. Offering a significant means for extending blockchain uses, experimental results show a 40% boost in transaction processing efficiency, a 2.5% transaction abort rate, and enhanced system stability in high-conflict settings.