Conceptual Framework of Artificial Intelligence
Mansi Kapoor · 2025
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or a computer programme to think and learn. The concept of AI is based on the idea of building machines capable of thinking, acting and learning like humans. Arthur Samuel coined the phrase “Machine Learning” in 1959, defining it as “the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.” Machine Learning, at its most basic form, is the practice of using algorithms to parse data, learn from it, and then make a determination or prediction about something in the world. Machine learning can further be classified as supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning. The term AI is still used very generically and has vague connotations to a layman. AI covers everything from email spam filters to fully autonomous or self‐driving cars. It is useful to distinguish or calibrate AI according to the scope of functions AI can perform—artificial narrow intelligence, artificial general intelligence, artificial super intelligence. Deep learning and availability of Big Data on almost every activity on planet means that AI is developing fast. It&s;s outdoing human intelligence because of the sheer speed at which it can handle ocean-deep data . Hungarian computer scientist John von Neumann, in an article published in 1950, suggested that artificial intelligence (AI) will continue to grow exponentially through rapid redesign and self-improvement cycles. It&s;s at this point that a powerful “super intelligence” emerges, surpassing all collective human intelligence. This is Singularity. But, most scientists agree that Singularity will be here by 2040. A tipping point, where human existence as we know of now will completely change. Man and machine could merge as one.