Underdetermined DOA estimation of wideband nonstationary signals based on ANM
Jiahui Bing, Yougen Xu, Yi Liang · 2025
An underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed for wideband non-stationary signals based on atomic norm minimization. In scenarios where signals exhibit completely overlapped time-frequency distributions (TFDs), the spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD) matrix becomes rank deficient, making it impossible to separate signals based on their time-frequency characteristics. This proposed method uses multiple snapshots atom norm minimization to achieve an ideal average STFD matrix and enables underdetermined DOA estimations of wideband nonstationary signals with completely overlapped TFDs, without aperture loss or the need for arrays to possess spatial translation invariant structures. Moreover, the proposed method involves interpolating the sparse array into a virtual uniform linear array to enhance array processing degree freedom. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.