Underdetermined DOA estimation of wideband nonstationary signals with completely overlapped TFDs
Jiahui Bing, Yougen Xu, Yi Liang · 2025
An underdetermined direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed for wideband non-stationary signals with completely overlapped time-frequency distributions (TFDs). In this case, signals cannot be separated based solely on their time-frequency characteristics because of a rank-deficient spatial time-frequency distribution (STFD) matrix. The proposed method uses a moving array to recover the rank of the STFD matrix. Meantime, it vectorizes the matrix to construct a differential virtual co-array, and employs matrix rank minimization to fill the holes of virtual array, thereby enhancing the array processing degree of freedom. This method enables underdetermined DOA estimation of wideband non-stationary signals with completely overlapped TFDs, without suffering from aperture loss or requiring arrays with spatial translation invariant structures. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.