An Adaptive Procedure of Time Synchronization in Unstructured Multi-Hop Wireless Sensor Networks using Butterfly Optimization Algorithm
Ramadan Abdul-Rashid, Mohd Amiruddin Abd Rahman · Journal of Physics Conference Series · 2024
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a pivotal role in various applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to defence technology. This paper proposes a novel time synchronization protocol for WSNs inspired by the Butterfly Optimization algorithm. The time synchronization problem is formulated into an optimization problem for heuristic evolutionary algorithms, and the recently reported Butterfly optimization algorithm is used to optimize clock parameters and carry out global network synchronization. A working protocol is proposed for clock synchronization in multi hop WSN. The proposed protocol is evaluated experimentally against the Newton inspired Time Synchronization protocol and the Average Proportional Integral Synchronization protocol. Experimental results showed better performance in terms of synchronization accuracy as compared to the other protocols.