Governance issues
Nir Kshetri · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · 2024
This chapter examines the evolution of AI governance institutions worldwide, focusing on regulatory and normative mechanisms. It highlights new regulative institutions, such as AI-specific regulations and comprehensive frameworks in major economies. Normative institutions include voluntary guidelines, standards, and certification programs. The analysis indicates that AI governance is still nascent and not fully institutionalized, with challenges in building robust regulative and normative pillars. There are monitoring and enforcement difficulties given AI's pace of change and deployment. Professional bodies guiding norms are lacking. The efficacy of regulations also varies across contexts. Some states impose strong controls, while others take a reactive stance. International initiatives, though growing, face impediments like US–China tensions. Underrepresentation from the Global South risks overlooking vulnerabilities there. Effective governance balancing innovation and ethics remains elusive. Ultimately, consumers and businesses gain little from restrictive regimes or those permitting unethical AI uses. Measured governance upholding rights and welfare is advocated.