Efficient Deployment of Nodes in a WSN Using a Modified PSO Algorithm
Jafar Saaed Abdullah, Mohammed I. Aal-Nouman · 2024
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are of great importance in various military and civilian applications, such as data collection and area monitoring. WSNs have many active research areas, including energy consumption, routing protocols, node deployment, localization, and security, making it a rich topic for research. However, node deployment still faces significant challenges, such as coverage ratio, connectivity, and overlapping sensor ranges. This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing node placement in WSNs using a modified Particle Swarm Optimization (mPSO) algorithm. Our method addresses the issues of coverage holes and overlapping sensor ranges. Initially, sensor nodes are randomly deployed within the region of interest (ROI). The mPSO algorithm iteratively refines the node positions to maximize area coverage while minimizing overlap, identifying gaps in the ROI and covering them with the nearest mobile node. This optimization process enhances sensor network coverage by over 35% compared to random deployment, improving overall performance and extending network lifetime.