Design Considerations and Energy Management System for Green and Reliable Telecommunication Base Stations
Ana Cabrera-Tobar, Francesco Grimaccia, Sonia Leva · 2024
This paper presents the design considerations and optimization of an energy management system (EMS) tailored for telecommunication base stations (BS) powered by photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESS). For the design considerations, the standards for critical loads are presented together with the required power quality. Later, we propose an EMS that minimizes the dependence on the grid and, therefore, the emissions. For the EMS a Model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is employed to predict system behavior and make real-time decisions regarding power distribution. The optimization framework incorporates factors such as PV production, battery state of charge (SoC), and grid emissions to achieve efficient energy utilization. The numerical analysis is developed considering a real load power profile of base stations, with variations of the PV capacity and the BESS capacity. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the EMS in reducing grid consumption, optimizing energy usage, and minimizing carbon emissions.