A Novel Knowledge Search Structure for Android Malware Detection
Huijuan Zhu, Mengzhen Xia, Liangmin Wang, Zhicheng Xu, Victor S. Sheng · IEEE Transactions on Services Computing · 2024
While the Android platform is gaining explosive popularity, the number of malicious software (malware) is also increasing sharply. Thus, numerous malware detection schemes based on deep learning have been proposed. However, they are usually suffering from the cumbersome models with complex architectures and tremendous parameters. They usually require heavy computation power support, which seriously limit their deployment on actual application environments with limited resources (e.g., mobile edge devices). To surmount this challenge, we propose a novel Knowledge Distillation (KD) structure—Knowledge Search (KS). KS exploits Neural Architecture Search (NAS) to adaptively bridge the capability gap between teacher and student networks in KD by introducing a parallelized student-wise search approach. In addition, we carefully analyze the characteristics of malware and locate three cost-effective types of features closely related to malicious attacks, namely, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), permissions and vulnerable components, to characterize Android Applications (Apps). Therefore, based on typical samples collected in recent years, we refine features while exploiting the natural relationship between them, and construct corresponding datasets. Massive experiments are conducted to investigate the effectiveness and sustainability of KS on these datasets. Our experimental results show that the proposed method yields an accuracy of 97.89% to detect Android malware, which performs better than state-of-the-art solutions.