Current Status Review on Smart Drones Technology for Environmental Monitoring
Charumathy Mani, Baluchamy Shanthini, Ranganathan Rani Hemamalini, Rajasekaran Vinodhini, Pachaivannan Partheeban, R. Sathiyamoorthi · 2024
According to Environmental Performance Index 2020, India is ranked 168 out of 180. Solid waste disposal near human settlements in developing countries like India is a major concern for the government, because of the health issues associated with the improper disposal of waste. Air pollution in the environment is monitored using towers and balloons with sensors, manned air vehicles, satellites, and fixed AQI monitoring stations but the accuracy and temporal resolution of collected data by ground stations are relatively low and not suitable for municipal and geographical applications. To rectify the above problems, it is better to use low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with high-resolution concerns for environmental monitoring of time and space. Sensors are used to measure particular gases like Nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ground level of Ozone (O3), Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, Suspended Particulate Matter, Particular Matters and level of PH in the atmosphere. All the needed components are integrated with UAV. This study reviews the technologies adopted for the integration of sensors on the drone and the method of sensors to be selected by considering the method of monitoring the environment with IoT and cloud. The use of IoT and cloud works with more accuracy and data efficiency without any delay. The various systems reviewed in this paper will be useful for developing awareness among the public through an Android application that air quality indexes in a given location.