Criminological Analysis of the Current State of Fraud in the Banking Sector of Russia
A.L. Repetskaya, Lyudmila Alexandrovna Petryakova · Вестник Омского университета. Серия «Право» · 2022
Introduction. The study of fraud in the banking sector of Russia is relevant, since the development of the banking system in general, and digital banks, in particular, the transition to remote banking services and the use of modern banking technologies by the part of the population that used traditional payment methods, significantly expanded the opportunities for making fraudulent activities in the area in question. Target. Analysis of the trends in the development of these crimes, changes in their level and structure, methods of commission, as well as the prevalence in the regions of the Russian Federation, which will allow developing a system of adequate measures to counter such activities both on the part of law enforcement agencies and on the part of banks. Methodology. The methodology included theoretical and empirical analysis, a comparative method. The methodology was compiled by statistical analysis and the study of criminal cases. Results. The results of the study indicate that the dynamics of the level of fraud in the banking sector is extremely unfavorable, and among other forms of theft, this type of crime is developing most actively. At the same time, this type of fraud in absolute terms, both now and in the future, will dominate in the European part of Russia, while the growth rate of the crimes under consideration is higher in the Siberian and Far Eastern regions. In the general structure of frauds registered in the Russian Federation, every 10th fraud was committed in the banking sector. In the structure of fraud in the banking sector, the largest share (80 %) are fraudulent activities using electronic means of payment; in recent years, the use of genuine cards or their details stolen from their owners by means of “social engineering” methods has dominated in their commission. In the field of lending in 2020, every second fraud was committed with the provision of deliberately false documents (49.9 %), while the total share of these frauds decreased during the study period by a factor of 5. Conclusion. Criminological analysis showed the need for active counteraction to fraud in the banking sector. Taking into account the methods used to commit fraudulent actions, special attention should be paid to victimological prevention.