Multi-objective-derived efficient energy saving in multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks with the modified aquila–firefly heuristic strategy
P. Satyanarayana, G. Diwakar, Veeramosu Priyanka Brahmaiah, S. Marlin, N. V. Phani Sai Kumar, S. Gopalakrishnan · Engineering Optimization · 2024
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) suffer from a major problem with the energy drainage of network nodes, as the mobile nodes rely on batteries and do not have a permanent power supply. Therefore, a new multipath routing technique, using a novel hybrid heuristic algorithm, is designed to solve the diverse metrics of a multi-objective function, including energy consumption, distance, routing overhead ratio, throughput, end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio. This approach implements a new hybrid algorithm termed the modified aquila–firefly heuristic strategy (MA-FHS), which integrates the aquila optimizer and the firefly algorithm. This derived fitness function is applied to achieve optimal paths in multipath routing with minimization of the multi-objective function. The simulation demonstrates that the developed routing protocols outperformed traditional protocols under several network constraints.