A novel quaternary inward inverter gate based on MIN and MAX functions
Reza Akbari‐Hasanjani, Mohammad Amin Mianroodi, Reza Sabbaghi‐Nadooshan · International Journal of Electronics · 2024
This study proposes a new structure by changing the position of electrons in quaternary quantum cellular automata (QQCA) cells, which can be used in fuzzy logic designs. This new structure is presented in two layers; the first layer consists of a ternary cell and the second layer includes a binary cell. In quaternary logic, AND and OR functions are different from MIN and MAX functions. To construct the MIN and MAX functions, the positions of the electrons are changed to obtain polarisations −1 and + 1 using QQCA cells. In the present study, MIN and MAX functions with the proposed cells are examined. Five proposed QQCA cells are used in the design of MIN and MAX gates, and the occupied area is equal to 576×10−6μm2. The delay in each of the proposed gates is equal to one clock phase or 0.25×10−12 s at 1-THZ switch frequency, which is reduced compared to the designs in the literature. Moreover, an inward inverter gate is designed using the proposed MIN and MAX quaternary gate. The design of the inward inverter gate is evaluated using 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 calculation windows to confirm whether the output of the inward inverter gate is always polarisation −1 or + 1. In the design, using the 3 × 3 window, 21 QQCA cells are used and the delay is 1.25 clock cycles. Also, in the design, using the 5 × 5 window, 35 QQCA cells are used and the delay is 1.75 clock cycles.