A Novel Evaluation Framework for Biometric Security: Assessing Guessing Difficulty as a Metric
Tim Van hamme, Giuseppe Garofalo, Enrique Argones Rúa, Davy Preuveneers, Wouter Joosen · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · 2024
Biometric authentication systems have traditionally relied on the False Match Rate (FMR) to evaluate security against impersonation threats. However, this metric alone is insufficient for assessing vulnerabilities to statistical attacks because it cannot account for the non-uniformity of mismatches and atypical inputs that adversaries may manipulate. To address this issue, we propose a new evaluation framework that overcomes these limitations. The framework includes an estimate of the effective key space of biometrics and metrics that consider non-uniformity in the biometric embedding space. Our findings demonstrate that our framework provides a nuanced understanding of biometric security. Moreover, optimizing for the proposed metric leads to better security against statistical attacks than optimizing the FMR. Furthermore, the framework provides a comparative security analysis with traditional methods like passwords and PIN codes. It also quantifies the impact on security when adversaries partially know their victims, e.g., demographics.