A Simple Method to Protect Video Using Binary Phase Watermarks
David A. Shapiro, Vladislav V. Sergeyev · 2024
A modification of the video copyright protection method proposed in previously published paper using phase digital watermarks is suggested. The essence of the original method involves adding an inconspicuous sinusoidal sequence with an individual phase to each pixel of a digital video. This sequence develops over time, and the two-dimensional field of these phases corresponds to the image of the embedded digital camera. This image gradually manifests itself in the frame as the video is processed. The method demonstrates high efficiency but requires a significant amount of calculations, particularly during the watermark extraction stage. The modification of the method aims to reduce its computational complexity. It involves, firstly, assigning an extremely high frequency to the sine wave, causing it to transform into an oscillating sequence consisting of plus or minus units. Secondly, it entails using a binary image as a digital watermark. The paper presents algorithms for embedding a digital watermark and extracting it from a video. Results from experimental studies, demonstrating the high quality of the modified method, are provided. Additionally, studies showcasing the method's robustness to certain distortions are presented.