Design and Many-Objective Optimization of an In-Wheel Hybrid-Excitation Flux-Switching Machine Based on the Kriging Model
Zhiyuan Xu, Ming Cheng, Honghui Wen, Yang Jiang · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · 2024
Given its high torque density, robust structure, and efficient heat dissipation, the in-wheel flux-switching machine has garnered significant interest in e-bike applications. This article introduces an in-wheel hybrid-excitation flux-switching (IW-HEFS) machine to reduce the reliance on costly PM materials. Specifically designed for in-wheel applications, the optimization issue for the IW-HEFS machine involves six variables, six objectives, and two primary constraints. To streamline the optimization process, three principles are proposed to improve the solving efficiency by means of the Kriging model, sensitivity analysis, and dimensionality reduction strategies. On this basis, the electromagnetic performance of the IW-HEFS machine is remarkably enhanced, particularly in terms of the torque and efficiency characteristics. Moreover, the optimization results are compared, along with the analysis of their strengths and weaknesses. To further reveal its potential in in-wheel application, an evaluation of the proposed IW-HEFS machine is conducted by comparing it with an existing outer-rotor flux-switching permanent magnet (OR-FSPM) machine. Finally, the prototype experiment is launched with the consideration of manufacturing friendliness to estimate the analytical discussion.