Recommendation on Cybersecurity and Safety in the Hydrogen Economy
Rami Alfasfos, Mehar Ullah, Jani Sillman, Pedro H. J. Nardelli, Risto Soukka · 2024
This study examines the cybersecurity implications of the hydrogen economy, analyzing cyber incidents since 2010. It suggests a cybersecurity framework based on Internet of Things (IoT) and Edge computing to enhance infrastructure resilience against evolving threats. The digital transformation of energy systems, including smart grids and meters, has provided efficiency and clean energy benefits but also heightened cybersecurity risks. The research aims to bridge the cybersecurity gap in the hydrogen economy while acknowledging historical safety concerns related to hydrogen handling. Cyberattacks in the energy sector since 2010 have seen a significant upsurge, particularly peaking between 2020 and 2022. The study categorizes common cybersecurity threats, motivations, types, and consequences, and proposes an IoT model and edge computing framework to enhance cybersecurity defenses. This interdisciplinary approach integrates cybersecurity, IoT, Edge computing, and hydrogen technologies to address pressing challenges. Drawing insights from past incidents, this research equips stakeholders to secure the future of the hydrogen economy, emphasizing the dual role of IoT systems in increasing cyber threats and fortifying cybersecurity in this expanding energy sector.