Deep Neural Network Explainability Enhancement via Causality-Erasing SHAP Method for SAR Target Recognition
Zongyong Cui, Zhiyuan Yang, Zheng Ou Zhou, Liqiang Mou, Kailing Tang, Zongjie Cao, Jianyu Yang · IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing · 2024
Deep neural networks have shown remarkable effectiveness in SAR target recognition. However, the explainability problem for deep neural networks remains insufficiently addressed. One approach to tackle this challenge is the SHAP method. It enhances the explainability of deep neural networks in SAR target recognition by observing how the target, shadow, and clutter regions play their own distinct roles. The masked regions are typically filled with Zero, Mean, or Random values in optical images. But if the same operation performed on SAR images, it will affect the distribution of clutter and thus introducing new out-of-distribution challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel masking method to enhance the reliability and efficiency of the SHAP method in SAR-ATR applications. Experimental results on the MSTAR and OpenSARShip-1.0 datasets demonstrate that our proposed method provides a more faithful representation to show the importance of every single regions in SAR target recognition. Compared to methods using Zero values, Mean values, and Random baselines, our proposed method significantly enhances the reliability of explainability.