A low-cost configurable hash computing circuit for PQC algorithm
Wentao Xi, Xingjun Wu, Kai Zhang · 2023
The development of quantum computers has introduced a significant threat to the security of traditional cryptographic algorithms. To address this challenge, post-quantum cryptographic algorithms (PQC) have been developed, offering robust resistance against attacks from quantum computers. The hash operation plays a critical role in many PQC algorithms based on lattice ciphers and represents a substantial resource-consuming component in algorithm implementations. In this paper, we propose a novel circuit structure for hash implementation in FPGA platform. Our design integrates the hash operations of Kyber and Dilithium by reusing a shared Keccak unit and achieves different hash operation modes through parameter configuration in the control unit. Furthermore, we introduce a novel pipeline structure that multiplexes two sets of pipeline registers with an unfolding factor of 1. This innovative approach significantly reduces hardware resource consumption while satisfying the performance requirements of the algorithm. The proposed architecture, implemented on the Kintex-7 FPGA, utilizes 7376 LUTs, 3059 FFs, and 4 DSPs. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art designs, our design reduces about 40.2% of LUT resources, and 14.1% of Flip Flops resources. Additionally, it achieves 391MHZ clock frequency and finishes Keccak operations in 0.123μs. As a result, our design offers a low-cost, configurable hash computing circuit architecture with relatively excellent performance.