Edge Inference with Fully Differentiable Quantized Mixed Precision Neural Networks
Clemens J. S. Schaefer, Siddharth Joshi, Shan Li, R. Blázquez · 2024
The large computing and memory cost of deep neural networks (DNNs) often precludes their use in resource-constrained devices. Quantizing the parameters and operations to lower bit-precision offers substantial memory and energy savings for neural network inference, facilitating the use of DNNs on edge computing platforms. Recent efforts at quantizing DNNs have employed a range of techniques en-compassing progressive quantization, step-size adaptation, and gradient scaling. This paper proposes a new quantization approach for mixed precision convolutional neural networks (CNNs) targeting edge-computing. Our method establishes a new Pareto frontier in model accuracy and memory footprint demonstrating a range of pre-trained quantized models, delivering best-in-class accuracy below 4.3 MB of weights and activations without modifying the model architecture. Our main contributions are: (i) a method for tensor-sliced learned precision with a hardware-aware cost function for heterogeneous differentiable quantization, (ii) targeted gradient modification for weights and activations to mitigate quantization errors, and (iii) a multi-phase learning schedule to address instability in learning arising from updates to the learned quantizer and model parameters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques on the ImageNet dataset across a range of models including EfficientNet-Lite0 (e.g., 4.14 MB of weights and activations at 67.66% accuracy) and MobileNetV2 (e.g., 3.51 MB weights and activations at 65.39% accuracy).