Contributions à la sécurité des systèmes embarqués face aux attaques logiques et physiques
Vianney Lapôtre · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 2023
Embedded systems are spreading massively in critical infrastructures (industry 4.0, smart city, transportation...), contributing to the increase of the global attack surface. Indeed, this type of system, which is often poorly protected and poorly controlled by the teams in charge of the cybersecurity, can become a privileged entry point for attackers. Due to the proximity of embedded systems to a potential attacker, it is necessary to consider a broad threat model integrating logical and physical attacks when designing such systems. The work presented in this manuscript addresses several research axes. In a first axis, we propose solutions to study and implement cryptographic primitives under performance, area, energy and security constraints. In a second axis, we study and develop protections against microarchitectural attacks. More specifically, the proposed contributions focus on attacks based on the observation of temporal variations during memory accesses in order to extract sensitive information manipulated by a victim program. We propose solutions based on software / hardware cooperation to detect these attacks, isolate sensitive processes and mitigate such side-channel leakages. Finally, in a third axis, we study embedded processor architectures integrating, at the design stage, protections against both logical and physical attacks. This work relies heavily on hardware components in order to minimize the cost of security in terms of performances and energy.