Simulations et contrôle pédagogique : architectures logicielles réutilisables
Gloria Cortés Buitrago · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · 1999
This thesis studies environments dedicated to the production, by trainers, of instructional simulations. The first part presents a state of the art on these environments, with respect to the different tasks identified by the model MARS (Model, Associations, Representation, Scenario). It shows notably the interest of a clear separation between simulation and pedagogical control; this allows the use of different pedagogical approaches with the same simulation. We completed this theoretical study by an experimentation involving several teachers, in the context of the European project ARIADNE, about the use of the OASIS tool developed by the ARCADE team and based on the MARS model. This work shows that the current tools simplify authoring tasks, but that the cognitive distance is still too large between abstractions as seen by the authors and abstractions proposed by the tools. From this observation, the (utopian) ideal would be to offer a tool that could be adapted to the specific domain of the author. Using a software engineering approach, we propose in the second part of this thesis a solution allowing the rapid development of adapted tools. This solution applies reuse techniques based on architectures, frameworks and patterns. We present a framework that we developed on the basis of the MARS model. We used this framework to build a version of OASIS, and to build the FENIX tool dedicated to the production of simulations based on simple mathematical models The third part is concerned by how to separate effectively the simulation and the pedagogical control, as recommended above. We propose ARGOS, an architecture for communications between simulations and pedagogical control tools. A subset of ARGOS was used to elaborate a prototype for the remote control of pedagogical simulations, in a context of distant training.