Errors in memory recall, ToT, SoT, FoK and BoP. Operational classification
Miguel Ángel Muñoz López, María del Rocío Hernández Pozo, Omar David Almaráz Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Mercado Piedra, Flavio Ortega Muñoz · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · 2024
The evocation of memory is a critical cognitive process that involves the activation of engrams, which in turn evoke concepts. During memory recall, errors often occur, some of which are well-known, such as the tip-of-the-tongue (ToT) phenomenon or slip of the tongue (SoT). A related variable is verbal taxonomy closely associated with ToT and SoT, as well as the anxiety variable, which has been linked to the occurrence of these phenomena. The results of this research identify errors unrelated to verbs, leading to the operationalization of previously unidentified phenomena called Bias of Perception (BoP) and feeling of Knowing (FoK). This paper explores these errors and their systematic occurrence. In summary, this document seeks to increase understanding of errors that occur during memory recall, their causes, and their implications for cognitive processes.