How to Run Statistical Analyses
Aek Phakiti · 2023
Second language acquisition (SLA) research aims to describe and explain the nature of second language (L2) learning and acquisition. L2 researchers use statistics to examine empirical data to test research hypotheses, generate theoretical and practical concepts in SLA, and/or answer research questions. In that sense, statistics is an analytical tool that helps researchers understand relationships among L2 and L2-related variables. This chapter aims to promote the basics of statistical literacy through an accessible, introductory text on statistical analysis for beginning L2 researchers, research methods students, and those wishing to extend their knowledge of statistics. Statistics employs a probabilistic method for data analysis. It is a decision-making tool that aims to reduce the probability that research findings are due to chance. Statistical analysis requires quantification (conversion of qualitative aspects of a construct into numerical data) and quantity (sample size).