Non-Overlapping Leave Future Out Validation (NOLFO): Implications for Graduation Prediction
Lief Esbenshade, Jon Vitale, Ryan S. Baker · 2024
In a number of settings risk prediction models are being used to predict distal future outcomes for individuals, including high school risk prediction. We propose a new method, non-overlapping-leave-future-out (NOLFO) validation, to be used in settings with long delays between feature and outcome observa-tion and where there are overlapping cohorts. Using NOLFO validation prevents temporal information leakage between the training and test sets. We apply this method to high school risk prediction, using data from a large-scale platform, and find that models are able to maintain their accuracy over long periods of time when tested on fully unseen data in most cases. These findings imply that organizations may be able to reduce the frequency of model re-training without sacrificing accuracy. In contexts such as long-term at-risk prediction with overlapping cohorts and long delays between feature and outcome observa-tion, NOLFO is an important tool for ensuring that estimated model accuracy is representative of what can be expected in implementation. Manuscript currently under review.