A New Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Utilizing Computational Intelligence over IoT Networks
Khalid Ahmad Darabkh, Hebah H. AlAdwan, Muna Al-Akhras, Fahed Jubair, Samah Rahamneh · 2023
Extending the network lifetime and minimizing energy consumption are the primary challenges in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). Since 2012, the standard routing protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT) has been the IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL), which employs various routing metrics to build a Destination-Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG). This DODAG assists in the selection of the Objective Function (OF) and determines the most efficient path to the destination by selecting the optimal parent nodes. Unfortunately, the two OFs employed by the standard RPL have limitations as they rely on single metrics. Consequently, numerous research studies have highlighted the shortcomings of RPL, and only a limited number of IoT applications truly benefit from it. In light of this, our paper introduces the Equilibrium Optimizer-RPL (EO-RPL) protocol, which addresses these issues by adopting a novel optimization approach known as the EO algorithm. EO-RPL selects the optimal parent node using a composite metric, offering a potential solution to enhance RPL's performance. The simulation results demonstrate that our novel OF outperforms its counterparts regarding end-to-end delay and energy consumption.