APPROACHES TO INDOOR NAVIGATION WITH BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
Tadei-Nazarii Kalynchuk, Ivan D. Karbovnyk · Electronics and Information Technologies · 2024
The review paper discusses the topic of indoor positioning systems leveraging Bluetooth Low Energy as a core technology. It begins with an elucidative overview of the Bluetooth 4.0 standard, delineating its advancements and improvements over preceding iterations of Bluetooth technology, with particular emphasis on the features that facilitate indoor positioning. The paper then transitions to a detailed exploration of the algorithms that underpin BLE-based positioning systems. It examines methodologies that utilize the time-of-flight techniques, alongside those that assess signal strength, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator, to estimate location with precision. Furthermore, the discussion extends to the intrinsic benefits and potential drawbacks of BLE in the context of indoor positioning. It underscores the low energy consumption, cost-effectiveness, and the ubiquity of BLE-enabled devices as pivotal advantages, while also considering the limitations, including signal attenuation and multipath interference, which can impede accuracy. Central to the paper is an in-depth analysis of the significant challenges encountered in the implementation of BLE-based indoor positioning. It scrutinizes factors such as environmental dynamics, user density, and architectural influences that can affect system performance. The paper also contemplates the integration of BLE with other technologies and the potential for hybrid systems to overcome these hurdles. In conclusion, the paper provides a forward-looking perspective on the future of indoor positioning, emphasizing the role of BLE in creating more responsive and integrated environments.