Insights into Progressive Perspectives of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in Brain Targeting
Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Ratiram Choudhary, Kanhaiya Murlidhar Dadure, Animeshchandra G. M. Haldar, Rohit Sharma · 2024
The brain is a sensitive organ that is not connected to the rest of the body. It is also marked by tightly connected endothelial barriers, enzymatic capabilities, and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent transporter systems (like P-gp efflux). The availability of medications throughout the brain is strongly reliant on these substantial barriers. As a result, many promising compounds (with excellent pharmacological potentials in in vitro evaluation) are discarded from the market due to a lack of in vivo reaction, which is most likely caused by the molecule’s inability to reach the brain in an adequate concentration. Medical chemists have the option of customizing molecules for the brain, but doing so is expensive in terms of resources, time, and labor. The current approach for effective delivery of chemicals to the brain, such as access through the ventricular route or the application of chemicals to the brain tissue, is intrusive, less patient-compatible, time-consuming, requires competence, and may irreversibly harm the brain. Due to these factors, the potential for targeted brain distribution of innovative medication delivery technologies such as nanoparticles is now being investigated. Nanoparticles are macromolecular-based solid colloidal particles with sizes ranging from 1 nm to 1000 nm. Nanoparticles may be lipidic (SLNs) or polymeric. If they are lipidic, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are easily absorbed by the brain. In comparison to polymeric nanoparticles, SLNs are less hazardous since they are bioacceptable and biodegradable. They provide fascinating study subjects because of their tiny size, which extends the blood’s circulation time, their capacity to expand for massive manufacturing, and the lack of the burst effect. In the following overview, we will focus on the obstacles to central nervous system medication administration, methods for penetrating the blood–brain barrier, and the value of SLN characterization techniques. We will also go into some depth on the suggested uptake mechanism, strategies for extending plasma retention of the drugs, and in vivo and in vitro procedures for evaluations.