Optimization of Relay Node Placement in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Using A-Star Algorithm for Random, Triangular and Rectangular Distribution Pattern
Ana Balqis Sholehah, Kasyful Amron, Eko Sakti Pramukantoro · 2023
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) utilize relay nodes (RNs) to enable multi-hop data transmission between sensor nodes (SNs) and the sink. Optimal RNs placement is crucial for ensuring network connectivity, reliability, and efficiency. WSN like undirected graph, so to optimal the RNs placement, can use shortest path algorithm. This paper investigates RNs placement optimization in WSNs using the A* algorithm in dual home of multi-tier architecture. Dual home architecture will address data transmission issues so that data will always be sent without being affected by dead relays. Multi-tiered architecture will solve problems over a large area, because data will be passed from SNs to nearby RNs to sinks. Simulations compare random, rectangular, and triangular RNs distribution patterns over varying area sizes, SN counts, and RNs counts. Results demonstrate the significant impact of area size and RNs quantity on connectivity metrics. Larger areas and fewer RNs dramatically reduce connected SNs and RNs connectivity. To Triangular pattern provide efficient connectivity versus rectangular pattern in most scenarios. Random pattern provided efficient connectivity in small area. The A* algorithm successfully optimizes RNs positions for connectivity across patterns and scenarios. This research provides insights into factors influencing optimal RNs placement and demonstrates the suitability of A* optimization for enhancing WSN reliability and performance.