Robust Zero Watermarking Algorithm for Encrypted Medical Volume Data Based on PJFM and 3D-DCT
Lei Cao, Jingbing Li, Uzair Aslam Bhatti · 2023
Currently, the predominant means of conveying medical information to doctors for diagnosis and collaboration is through the utilization of medical image data. Nevertheless, the transmission of such data over networks is susceptible to a multitude of malicious attacks, it may lead to a breach of patient privacy or the manipulation of diagnostic data. This study provides a robust watermarking approach that uses 3D-DCT and PJFM to encrypt medical imaging data in order to address this problem. First, to increase the security of the carrier&s;s medical picture data, the original medical image data is encrypted using DWT-DCT and a tent chaotic sequence. Then, in order to extract unique characteristics from the medical picture data, PJFM and 3D-DCT transformations are used. Finally, patient watermark data is embedded and retrieved using the zero-watermarking technique, which also uses third-party concepts and the homomorphic properties of the encryption process. The algorithm is simulated using MATLAB and subjected to an extensive array of experiments. The results demonstrate that this technique successfully retrieves watermark data while maintaining the privacy and accuracy of medical image data. The algorithm exhibits notable robustness against conventional and geometric attacks, particularly Gaussian, rotation, and compression attacks.