Influence of Keywords Color on Time Pressure in Synchronous Online Learning for Non-Native English Students: An Eye-tracking Approach
Klint Allen Mariñas, Jun Sato, Yung‐Tsan Jou, Alana Gianne Amblon Mariñas · 2023
The impact of COVID-19 has forced learning institutions to shift from physical to online methods. Due to the changes in learning environments, instructors and students must adapt to the online learning setup. Synchronous online learning has been utilized as an alternative; however, due to sudden changes, students, especially non-native English students using unfamiliar language, need to follow the course in real-time, which cause time pressure problem this affect learning effectiveness. The current research recruited twenty non-native English university students. Reading materials with text keywords and color assistance was utilized through eye-tracking. A post-test was conducted to analyze the relationship between the eye movement parameters and post-test results in different scenarios using analysis of variance. The experimental results indicated that reading materials with colored keywords could help non-native English students to improve reading comprehension and learning outcomes effectively. The red-colored keywords were significant under no time pressure, while the green-colored keywords were substantial in the context of time pressure. This research could provide important information in designing learning materials in synchronous online learning.