Primary Frequency Response Reserve Products for Inverter-Based Resources.
Manuel García, Ross Baldick, Felipe Wilches‐Bernal · 2022
We suggest introducing new ancillary service products into the electricity market that provide incentive for Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) to contribute to primary frequency control and take advantage of their fast-acting capabilities.We propose four such products: Primary Frequency Response (PFR) reserve, Fast Frequency Response (FFR) reserve, Virtual Inertia (VI) reserve, and inertia products.We formulate a real-time co-optimization problem, derive prices for each product, and analyze the incentives provided to IBRs.