An Evaluation of Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) in Symetric Cryptography Based on Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Muhammad Rizky Naufal, Christy Atika Sari, Eko Hari Rachmawanto, Lekso Budi Handoko, Folasade Olubusola Isinkaye, Wisam Subhi Al-Dayyeni · 2023
Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm that uses a single key to encrypt and decrypt information. In addition, the cipher text will be hidden inside an image using Stepic. DES Encryption use symmetric encryption to encrypt and decryption to decrypt. It will secure the symmetric encryption and maintain the speed of the encryption and decryption. The result of this study is the lowest error that we got as the Mean Square Error (MSE) is 0.00% and is inversely proportional with the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Avalanche with 79.36% and 34.91% in order that is not stable for result of Avalanche Effect (AVA). Inversely proportional to the length of the text that is hidden in the image, the longest text that is hidden, the more changes that we get in the image with the highest Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) and Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) with the biggest image size with 43.47% for UACI and 99.87% for the NPCR.