VSES-MB: Verifiable Searchable Encryption Scheme in Metaverse by Blockchain
Zi Jiao, Fucai Zhou, Qiang Wang, Jintong Sun, Jiahui Lu · 2022
In the collaborative design metaverse application, the design team as data owner(DO) has demanded to outsource the digital model to a cloud service provider(CSP) due to the limit of local storage. They also need to frequently search and update the data for improving the design. But the virtual world of metaverse is mutual distrusted, which brings 4 major security concerns: 1) CSP may partially execute the DOs’ queries and is curious about the search keywords and the outsource data, how to protect the privacy of data and queries? 2) CSP may dishonestly execute queries to save cost or under other considerations, how to protect the correctness and integrity of results? 3) How to ensure the integrity of outsourced data? 4) When there occurs disputation between DO and CSP, how to provide trusted proofs and make a fair judgment? So, we achieved a verifiable searchable encryption scheme in metaverse by blockchain(VSES-MB). Our scheme protect the data and query privacy by combining verifiable searchable encryption and blockchain. Then, we introduced trapdoor commitment and dynamic interval accumulator(DIA) tree to accelerate the proof generate speed and decrease the proof updating workload. Furthermore, data integrity was protected with the help of blockchain. Next, on the one hand, the metadata of workflow is embedded in blockchain transactions to provide trusted proof. On the other hand, smart contract of blockchain can fairly automatically judge the dispute. Finally, security analysis shows VSES-MB achieves confidentiality and soundness, performance analysis shows our scheme is efficient and easy to deploy.