Integration of LTE and GNSS Antenna for Multiband Performance in Vehicular Application
Amruta A. Nikam, Rupali B. Patil · Progress In Electromagnetics Research C · 2023
The paper proposes a antenna design that can serve as a comprehensive solution for covering 4G/5G cellular bands 850-1000 MHz, 1900 MHz, 2100-2700 MHz, 3300-4900 MHz, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-L1) Band 1.56 GHz-1.61GHz, V2X 5.850-5.925GHz band which are appropriate for the use in automobile applications.The proposed antenna is designed with respective polarization for cellular and GNSS applications, where the cellular antenna is linearly polarized, and the GNSS antenna is circularly polarized by chamfering the square patch.FR4 substrate material is used to construct the Long Term Evolution/4G (LTE) antenna.The optimization of the antennas ensures minimal coupling between them.The cellular antenna is designed using a hexagonal base with a modified ground plane to achieve the required cellular bands using a monopole (fractal design).The GNSS antenna is implemented on a PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) substrate.The measured results of S 11 parameter show that the proposed design covers all the required 4G/5G bands with minimum S 11 of -10 dB and a radiation pattern in the theta 60-90 • range for cellular antenna, while the GNSS antenna has a zenith radiation pattern with axial ratio of < 3 dB for theta angles in the 0-30 • range and a mutual coupling of -15 dB.The fabricated antenna was measured to validate the simulated results of reflection coefficient.All things considered, the suggested design is perfect for automobile applications to satisfy both satellite and mobile communication needs.