Adaptive Endpointing with Deep Contextual Multi-Armed Bandits
Do June Min, Andreas Stolcke, Anirudh Raju, Colin Vaz, Di He, Venkatesh Ravichandran, Viet Anh Trinh · 2023
Current endpointing (EP) solutions learn in a supervised framework, which does not allow the model to incorporate feedback and improve in an online setting. Also, it is common practice to utilize costly grid-search to find the best configuration for an endpointing model. In this paper, we aim to provide a solution for adaptive endpointing by proposing an efficient method for choosing an optimal endpointing configuration given utterance-level audio features in an online setting, while avoiding hyperparameter grid-search. Our method does not require ground truth labels, and uses only online learning from reward signals. Specifically, we propose a deep contextual multi-armed bandit-based approach, combining the representational power of neural networks with the action exploration behavior of Thomp-son modeling algorithms. We compare our approach to several baselines, and show that our deep bandit models also succeed in reducing early cutoff errors while maintaining low latency.