Kyber Accelerator on FPGA Using Energy-Efficient LUT-Based Barrett Reduction
Da Won Kim, Dalta Imam Maulana, Wanyeong Jung · 2022 19th International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC) · 2022
Contemporary cryptographic algorithms such as RSA and ECC can collapse due to the development of quantum computing. NIST has announced the first standardized post-quantum cryptography algorithms that are resilient to the quantum computer's attack, among which CRYSTALS-KYBER is the only algorithm for public-key encryption. This algorithm uses the number theoretic transform (NTT) to reduce the time complexity of the polynomial multiplication. However, NTT itself is still a big computational bottleneck of the entire algorithm. Also, modulo reduction consumes almost half of the energy of the butterfly unit for processing NTT. This paper presents a Kyber accelerator using LUT-based Barrett reduction, which reduces the energy for modulo operation by 40.6% from the original Barrett reduction. The test system is implemented on the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ ZCU104 and shows 113.3x speedup for NTT and 1.78x speedup for Kyber compared to the original CPU.