Purity decay rate in random circuits with different configurations of gates
Jaš Bensa, Marko Žnidarič · Physical Review A · 2023
We study purity decay---a measure of bipartite entanglement---in a chain of $n$ qubits under the action of various geometries of nearest-neighbor random two-site unitary gates. We use a Markov chain description of average purity evolution, using further reduction to obtain a transfer matrix of only polynomial dimension in $n$. In most circuits, an exception being the brick-wall configuration, purity decays to its asymptotic value in two stages: the initial thermodynamically relevant decay persisting up to extensive times is $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{t}$, with ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ not necessarily being in the spectrum of the transfer matrix, while the ultimate asymptotic decay is given by the second largest eigenvalue ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{2}$ of the transfer matrix. The effective rate ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ depends on the location of bipartition boundaries as well as on the geometry of applied gates.