A Visual Diagnostic Tool for Causal Inference
Lucy D’Agostino McGowan, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Ralph B. D’Agostino · Observational Studies · 2023
suggested a visual representation, that can be used as a diagnostic tool, for examining whether the relationships between confounders and outcomes are sufficiently controlled, or whether there is a more complex relationship that requires further adjustment. This short commentary highlights this simple tool, providing an example of its utility along with relevant R code.