Inverse-Inverse Reinforcement Learning. How to Hide Strategy from an Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learner
Kunal Pattanayak, Vikram Krishnamurthy, Christopher M. Berry · 2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) · 2022
Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) deals with estimating an agent’s utility function from its actions. In this paper, we consider how an agent can hide its strategy and mitigate an adversarial IRL attack; we call this inverse IRL (I-IRL). How should the decision maker choose its response to ensure a poor reconstruction of its strategy by an adversary performing IRL to estimate the agent’s strategy? This paper comprises four results: First, we present an adversarial IRL algorithm that estimates the agent’s strategy while controlling the agent’s utility function. Then, we propose an I-IRL result that mitigates the IRL algorithm used by the adversary. Our I-IRL results are based on revealed preference theory in microeconomics. The key idea is for the agent to deliberately choose sub-optimal responses so that its true strategy is sufficiently masked. Third, we give a sample complexity result for our main I-IRL result when the agent has noisy estimates of the adversary-specified utility function. Finally, we illustrate our I-IRL scheme in a radar problem where a meta-cognitive radar is trying to mitigate an adversarial target.